Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change by ICJ

Historic ICJ Opinion: The Global Legal Duties of States on Climate Change – A Summary On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered a landmark Advisory Opinion clarifying how international law mandates States to combat climate change. This decision, unanimously adopted—remarkable for the Court—answers questions raised by

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Report: EU Clean Sky Technology Achievements 2014-2024

This report summarizes the Clean Sky 2 program, a European initiative spanning from 2014 to 2024 that focused on developing sustainable aviation technologies. It details the program’s structure, including its key demonstrators and technology readiness levels, aimed at reducing CO2, NOx, and noise emissions while enhancing the competitiveness of the European aviation industry. The document highlights significant achievements in areas

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IATA Beginners Guide to Airline Sustainability Reporting

The IATA guide serves as a practical entry point for airlines beginning their sustainability reporting journey, outlining the importance of transparent disclosures in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) areas. It underscores the key role aviation plays in connecting the world and supporting global sustainable development while acknowledging the unique challenges

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The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the world’s leading organization for sustainability reporting standards, providing a globally recognized framework for organizations to assess and communicate their environmental, social, and economic impacts. For nearly three decades, GRI has established a common language and set of standards, tools, and training that enable

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2024 Aviation Fuels Reference Prices for ReFuelEU

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has released its 2025 briefing note outlining 2024 reference prices for aviation fuels under the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/2405). This document fulfills EASA’s obligation to annually publish technical reports starting in 2025, as mandated by Article 13 of the regulation. The

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