Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change by ICJ

Historic ICJ Opinion: The Global Legal Duties of States on Climate Change – A Summary On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered a landmark Advisory Opinion clarifying how international law mandates States to combat climate change. This decision, unanimously adopted—remarkable for the Court—answers questions raised by

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Report: EU Clean Sky Technology Achievements 2014-2024

This report summarizes the Clean Sky 2 program, a European initiative spanning from 2014 to 2024 that focused on developing sustainable aviation technologies. It details the program’s structure, including its key demonstrators and technology readiness levels, aimed at reducing CO2, NOx, and noise emissions while enhancing the competitiveness of the European aviation industry. The document highlights significant achievements in areas

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The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the world’s leading organization for sustainability reporting standards, providing a globally recognized framework for organizations to assess and communicate their environmental, social, and economic impacts. For nearly three decades, GRI has established a common language and set of standards, tools, and training that enable

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2024 Aviation Fuels Reference Prices for ReFuelEU

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has released its 2025 briefing note outlining 2024 reference prices for aviation fuels under the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/2405). This document fulfills EASA’s obligation to annually publish technical reports starting in 2025, as mandated by Article 13 of the regulation. The

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The European Aviation Environmental Report 2025

The European Aviation Environmental Report 2025, compiled by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), paints a stark picture of the challenges and opportunities facing the aviation industry in its quest for sustainability. The report, created in collaboration with the European Commission, European Environment Agency (EEA), and EUROCONTROL, emphasizes the

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IATA outlook 2024 with low oil prices

The global airline industry has demonstrated remarkable resilience and recovery in recent years, with operating margins showing significant improvement despite various challenges. After experiencing severe losses during 2020-2021, the industry has rebounded strongly, achieving an operating margin of 6.4% in 2024 and projecting 6.7% for 2025. This recovery is particularly

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Flight Emissions Label

The ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 creates a voluntary labelling scheme for flights based on a common, standardised and publicly accessible methodology to calculate flight emissions. The label will allow passengers to make informed choices when comparing flight options. A first draft version of the new regulation was released last

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